节蛙科
节蛙科（学名：Arthroleptidae）是两栖纲无尾目的一科。该科包括8属200余种，体型小，体长不超过4厘米。它们主要栖息在林地地表的落叶层上，完全陆栖，因此没有蝌蚪阶段。它们会在地面、岩石裂缝或落叶中产卵，有些孵化出来直接是完成变态的小蛙，另一些则留有尾巴。
分布范围
节蛙科的成员主要分布于撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，包括喀麦隆到刚果一带的热带雨林中。
生活习性
科学家在研究节蛙科的过程中，发现了这一科类群中的一部分成员具有戏剧性的防御模式：在遇到危险时，它们会将骨头折断，之后锋利的“爪”会刺透趾垫从断裂处长出，还可使其更牢固的抓住岩石。然而，这种防御模式的进化原因尚未明确。
下级分类
节蛙科（Arthroleptidae）包括节蛙亚科（Arthroleptinae）和小黑蛙亚科（Leptopelinae），共8属200余种，分布于撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲。
小型的陆栖蛙，体长不到4厘米，主要栖息在林地地表的落叶层上。大多身体细长，有或无蹼。繁殖时腋部抱合，将卵产于水中，可孵化成自由游泳的蝌蚪。
节林蛙属（Arthroleptis）等少数类群在陆地产卵，一次约10～30枚，卵直接孵出具尾或不具尾的幼蛙，以适应陆地生活。
发蛙（Trichobatrachus robustus）又称壮发蛙、骨折蛙、多毛蛙、毛毛蛙，分布于非洲中部。发蛙还以能伸缩的“爪”而著名，不过这种爪并不是由角蛋白构成的真正的爪，而是骨骼。遇到危险时，发蛙会将骨头折断，之后锋利的“爪”会刺透趾垫从断裂处长出，还可使其更牢固的抓住岩石。
雄蛙的尾部有狭长的肺憩室，繁殖期的雄性发蛙还会在腹部和后肢两侧上长出毛发状的真皮乳突，内含很多微小动脉，陆栖时可以增加表皮的吸氧量，其作用相当于水栖时的外鳃，也因此得名。
属级分类
节林蛙属 Arthroleptis:Arthroleptis adelphus Perret, 1966 Foulassi Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis adolfifriederici Nieden, 1911 Rugegewald Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis affinis Ahl, 1939 Ahl's Squeaker
Arthroleptis bivittatus Müller, 1885 Tumbo-Insel Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis brevipes ahl, 1924 Togo Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis carquejai Ferreira, 1906 Carqueja's Squeaker
Arthroleptis crusculum Angel, 1950 Guinea Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis discodactylus Laurent, 1954 Laurent's Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis francei Loveridge, 1953 Ruo River Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis hematogaster Laurent, 1954 Itombwe Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis lameerei De Witte, 1921 Lameer's Squeaker
Arthroleptis lonnbergi Nieden, 1915 Lonnberg's Squeaker
Arthroleptis loveridgei De Witte, 1933 Loveridge's Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis milletihorsini Angel, 1922 Mali Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis mossoensis Laurent, 1954 Mosso Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis nikeae Poynton, 2003 耐克's Squeaker
Arthroleptis nimbaensis Angel, 1950 Mount Nimba Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis phrynoides Laurent, 1976 Lomami Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 Mottled Squeaker
Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis Laurent, 1952 Kivu Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis reichei Nieden, 1911 Reiche's Squeaker
Arthroleptis schubotzi Nieden, 1911 Schubotz's Squeaker
Arthroleptis spinalis Boulenger, 1919 Tanganyika Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis stenodactylus Pfeffer, 1893 Common Squeaker
Arthroleptis stridens Pickersgill, 2007 Kambai Squeaker
Arthroleptis sylvaticus Laurent, 1954 Forest Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis taeniatus Boulenger, 1906 Striped Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis tanneri Grandison, 1983 Tanzania Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis troglodytes Poynton, 1963 Cave Squeaker
Arthroleptis tuberosus Andersson, 1905 Rainforest Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie, 1893 Buea Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis vercammeni Laurent, 1954 Mwana Screeching Frog
Arthroleptis wahlbergii Smith, 1849 Wahlberg's Humus Frog
Arthroleptis xenochirus Boulenger, 1905 Plain Squeaker
Arthroleptis xenodactyloides Hewitt, 1933 Dwarf Squeaker
Arthroleptis xenodactylus Boulenger, 1909 Eastern Squeaker
Arthroleptis zimmeri Ahl, 1925 Zimmer's Screeching Frog
无胸柱林蛙属 Astylosternus:
Astylosternus batesi Boulenger, 1900 River Night Frog
Astylosternus diadematus Werner, 1898 Victoria Night Frog
Astylosternus fallax Amiet, 1978 Fopouanga Night Frog
Astylosternus laurenti Amiet, 1978 Laurent's Night Frog
Astylosternus montanus Amiet, 1978 Mountain Night Frog
Astylosternus nganhanus Amiet, 1978 Nganha Night Frog
Astylosternus occidentalis Parker, 1931 Western Night Frog
Astylosternus perreti Amiet, 1978 Perret's Night Frog
Astylosternus ranoides Amiet, 1978 Central Night Frog
Astylosternus rheophilus Amiet, 1978 Cameroon Range Night Frog
Astylosternus schioetzi Amiet, 1978 Apouh Night Frog
长指林蛙属 Cardioglossa:Cardioglossa alsco Herrmann, Herrmann, Schmitz, 2004 Alsco Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa aureoli Schitz, 1964 Freetown Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa cyaneospila Laurent, 1950 Mukuzira Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa elegans Boulenger, 1906 Elegant Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa escalerae Boulenger, 1903 Equatorial Guinea Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa gracilis Boulenger, 1900 Rio Benito Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa gratiosa Amiet,1972 Ongot Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa leucomystax Boulenger, 1903 Silver Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa melanogaster Amiet, 1972 Amiet's Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa nigromaculata Nieden, 1908 Blackspotted Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa oreas Amiet, 1972 Mount Okou Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa pulchra Schi?tz, 1963 黑色 Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa schioetzi Amiet, 1982 Acha Tugi Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa trifasciata Amiet, 1972 Nsoung Long-fingered Frog
Cardioglossa venusta Amiet, 1972 Highland Long-fingered Frog
暮林蛙属 Nyctibates：Nyctibates corrugatus Boulenger, 1904
暗蛙属 Scotobleps：Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger, 1900
壮发蛙 Trichobatrachus：Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger, 1900
参考资料
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